Magnetic particle Inspection (MPI) is a non-destructive testing (NDT) process for detecting surface and slightly subsurface discontinuities in ferromagnetic materials such as iron, nickel, cobalt, and some of their alloys. The process puts a magnetic field into the part.

The piece can be magnetized by direct or indirect magnetization. Direct magnetization occurs when the electric current is passed through the test object and a magnetic field is formed in the material. Indirect magnetization occurs when no electric current is passed through the test object, but a magnetic field is applied from an outside source.

The magnetic lines of force are perpendicular to the direction of the electric current, which may be either alternating current (AC) or some form of direct current (DC) (rectified AC).

• Introduction
• Theory on Magnetism
• Magnetic Field
• Permanent magnets and electromagnets
• Hysteresis Loop
• Diamagnetic, paramagnetic and ferromagnetic materials
• Circular and longitudinal magnetization
• Principle of magnetic Particle Testing
• Familiarization of common magnetic particle equipments
• Detecting medium
• Demagnetization
• Usage of black light for inspection
• Codes, standards and specification
• Evaluation of Defects
• Preparation of test reports

Ultrasonic testing (UT) is a family of non-destructive testing techniques based on the propagation of ultrasonic waves in the object or material tested. In most common UT applications, very short ultrasonic pulse-waves with center frequencies ranging from 0.1-15 MHz, and occasionally up to 50 MHz, are transmitted into materials to detect internal flaws or to characterize materials. A common example is ultrasonic thickness measurement, which tests the thickness of the test object, for example, to monitor pipework corrosion.

Ultrasonic testing is often performed on steel and other metals and alloys, though it can also be used on concrete, wood and composites, albeit with less resolution. It is used in many industries including steel and aluminum construction, metallurgy, manufacturing, aerospace, automotive and other transportation sectors.

• Introduction
• Theory on Sound
• Wave theory
• Types of sound waves
• Velocity of sound in material
• Amplitude of sound
• Modes of sound waves
• Reflection
• Transmission
• Refraction
• Diffraction
• Absorption
• Scattering
• Attenuation
• Mode conversion
• Familiarization of common ultrasonic equipments
• Familiarization of ultrasonic testing probes
• Familiarization of Calibration Standards
• Training on A Scan Equipment
• What is a scan display?
• Production of ultrasound
• Types of probes
• Features of probes
• Profile of sound (Near field, far field and Dead Zone)
• Selection of probe diameter
• Selection of probe frequency
• Sensitivity

Industrial radiography is the use of ionizing radiation to view objects in a way that cannot be seen otherwise. It is not to be confused with the use of ionizing radiation to change or modify objects; radiography's purpose is strictly viewing.

Industrial radiography has grown out of engineering, and is a major element of nondestructive testing. It is a method of inspecting materials for hidden flaws by using the ability of short X-rays and gamma rays to penetrate various materials.

Two ways to inspect materials for flaws is to utilize X-ray computed tomography or Industrial computed tomography scanning.

• Introduction
• Structure of Atom
• Production of X-ray and Gamma Ray
• Radiation Safety and work permit system
• Interaction of radiation with matter
• Radiation detection and measurement
• Biological Effects of Radiation
• Regulations on use of radiography sources
• Elements of industrial radiography
• Geometrical principles in image quality
• Selection of radiation source
• Control of scattered radiation
• Use of Image quality Indicators
• Selection of radiography films
• Film Processing
• Radiographic Techniques
• Plate Radiography
• Structure Radiography
• Pipe Radiography
• Pipeline Radiography
• Radiography of castings
• Radiography of tanks and vessels
• Calculation of exposure time
• Special Radiographic Techniques
• Codes, standards and specification
• Radiographic Test Film Interpretation
• Welding
• Castings
• Preparation of test reports

Visual Testing (VT) is based on the inspection for flaws that are visible to the naked eye and is the most commonly used NDT method across all industries. It allows for a feasible and fast control of quality at every step of the fabrication or maintenance process.

Visual Testing (VT) is used to detect visible flaws such as deformation, welding defects and corrosion. Many tools can be used during the inspection such as a ruler, gauges, cameras, etc.

• Fundamentals
• Vision and light
• Ambient conditions
• Test object characteristics
• Equipment Accessories
• Magnifiers/microscopes
• Mirrors
• Dimensional
• Bore scopes
• Video systems
• Automated systems
• Video technologies
• Machine vision
• Replication
• Temperature sensitive markers and surface comparators
• Chemical aids
• Photography
• Eye
• Techniques/Calibration
• Diagrams and drawings
• Raw materials
• Primary process materials
• Joining processes
• Fabricated components
• In-service materials
• Coatings
• Other applications
• Requirements
• Interpretation/ Evaluation
• Equipment including type and intensity of light
• Material including the variations of surface finish
• Discontinuity
• Determination of dimensions (i.e.: depth, width, length, etc.)
• Sampling/scanning
• Process for reporting visual discontinuities
• Personnel (human factors)
• Detection
• Procedures and Documentation
• Hard copy
• Photography
• Audio/video
• Electronic and magnetic media
• Safety
• Electrical shock
• Mechanical hazards
• Lighting hazards
• Chemical contamination
• Radioactive materials
• Explosive environments

Discontinuities are interruptions in the typical structure of a material. These interruptions may occur in the base metal, weld material or "heat affected" zones. Discontinuities, which do not meet the requirements of the codes or specifications used to invoke and control an inspection, are referred to as defects.

• RTFI concept
• Differential absorption of radiation
• RTFI concept oriented imaging
• Discontinuities(RTFI Concept Based Explanation)
• RTFI films, Film Types
• Film Handling errors
• Film Packing Errors
• Film processing errors
• RTFI techniques
• Differentiate RTFI Technique Oriented imaging
• Minimum SFD
• Differentiate SFD Oriented errors
• OFD = material thickness(explanation)
• IQI Details
• IQI Types(RTFI Imaging)
• IQI Sensitivity Calculation(Example imaging)
• IQI placing(based on side)
• Source Side
• Film Side
• IQI placing(based on IQI)
• Wire Type (Weld ends)
• Hole type (Opposite edges)
• Sensitivity Calculation
• Exposure time calculation
• Scattering
• Density checking
• Film review
• Acceptance Standards
• Reporting

In the field of industrial ultrasonic testing, ultrasonic thickness measurement (UTM) is a method of performing non-destructive measurement (gauging) of the local thickness of a solid element (typically made of metal, if using ultrasound testing for industrial purposes) basing on the time taken by the ultrasound wave to return to the surface. This type of measurement is typically performed with an ultrasonic thickness gauge.

• Introduction
• Main Principle-Pulse echo contact method
• Transmit Time
• Temperature limit
• Testing range
• Area of application
• Main application
• Some regular application
• Gauging Measuring Techniques
• Advantages & Disadvantages
• Probe specifications
• Conditions For UTG
•Equipment Details